Бакалавриат
2019/2020
Математический анализ
Статус:
Курс обязательный (Цифровые инновации в управлении предприятием (программа двух дипломов НИУ ВШЭ и Лондонского университета))
Направление:
38.03.05. Бизнес-информатика
Кто читает:
Школа бизнес-информатики
Где читается:
Высшая школа бизнеса
Когда читается:
1-й курс, 1-4 модуль
Формат изучения:
без онлайн-курса
Преподаватели:
Голубцов Петр Викторович
Язык:
английский
Кредиты:
8
Контактные часы:
128
Course Syllabus
Abstract
This course is designed to introduce students to the basic ideas and methods of mathematical analysis and their application to mathematical modeling. This course serves as a basis for the entire block of quantitative disciplines studied at HSE, and it also provides some of the analytical tools that are required by advanced courses in information technologies. This course provides students with experience in the methods and applications of calculus to a wide range of theoretical and practical problems
Learning Objectives
- Acquisition by students of basic knowledge in calculus and ordinary differential equations
- Formation of skills for working with abstract concepts of higher mathematics
- Familiarity with the applied problems of calculus
- Development of skills to solve typical problems of calculus
Expected Learning Outcomes
- Analyze functions represented in a variety of ways: graphical, numerical, analytical, or verbal, and understand the relationships between these various representations
Course Contents
- IntroductionDifferent forms of representation of functions. Elementary concepts: domain and range of a function, even and odd functions, periodic functions. Graphs of elementary functions. Implicit functions
- Sequences. Limit of a sequenceSequences: bounded and unbounded, infinitely small and infinitely large. Limit of a sequence. Limit theorems for sequences: arithmetic operations, sandwich theorem. Monotone sequences. Convergence of a monotone increasing sequence. The number e.
- Limit of a functionThe limit of a function at infinity. Asymptotes of a function at infinity. The limit of a function at a point. Limit theorems for functions. Functions that tend to zero, functions that tend to infinity. First and Second Special Limits. Types of indeterminate forms. Finding limits. Left and right limits
- ContinuityDefinition of continuity of a function at point and on an interval. Continuity of elementary functions. Properties of continuous functions. Points of discontinuity. Classification of points of discontinuity. Vertical asymptotes
- The derivativeDefinition of the derivative. Tangent lines and normal lines. Geometric and physical interpretations of the derivative. Right and left derivatives. Differentiability at a point. Differentiability and continuity. Differentiation. Rules of differentiation. Derivatives of elementary functions. Differentiation of inverse functions. Logarithmic differentiation. Differentiation of implicit functions. Existence of a differentiable implicit function. Definition and geometric interpretation of differentials. Approximate calculations using differentials. The second derivative. The geometric meaning of the second derivative. Higher-order derivatives and differentials. Properties of differentiable functions: Rolle's theorem, the Mean Value theorem, Cauchy’s theorem, and their geometric interpretation
- Applications of the derivativeL’Hospital’s rule. Necessary and sufficient conditions for increasing/decreasing functions. Related rates. Concave and convex functions. Different ways of expressing concavity. Economic interpretation of concave and convex functions. Points of inflection. Local extrema. First-order necessary and sufficient conditions for a local extremum. Second-order necessary and sufficient conditions for a local extremum. Maximum and minimum values of a function on an interval. Curve sketching
- Number series, power series, and Taylor expansionsNecessary condition for convergence of a series. Harmonic series and power series. The ratio test. Comparing series to test for convergence. Alternating series. Sufficient condition for convergence of an alternating series. Absolute convergence. Radius and interval of convergence of a power series. Abel’s theorems. Taylor’s formula. Taylor and Maclaurin series. Taylor and Maclaurin expansions for elementary functions. Application of Taylor series for analyzing the behavior of a function at a point and for conducting approximate calculations
- Complex numbers and introduction of functions of complex variablesComplex numbers: real and imaginary numbers, polar form - modulus and argument, Euler’s formula. Arithmetic of complex numbers. Complex conjugate and its properties. Powers and roots of complex numbers. Complex polynomials. Elementary functions of complex variables. Cauchy-Riemann conditions
- Antiderivatives and the indefinite integralAntiderivatives. The indefinite integral and its properties. Table of indefinite integrals. Basic methods of integration: direct integration, substitution and integration by parts. Integration of rational functions
- The definite integralProblems that require the definite integral. Definition of the definite integral using Riemann sums. Sufficient condition for the existence of the definite integral. Approximate calculation of definite integrals using rectangles and trapezoids. Simpson’s rule. Properties of the definite integral. Differentiation of a definite integral with variable upper bound. The fundamental theorem of calculus. Substitution and integration by parts
- Applications of the definite integralApplications of the definite integral in geometry and physics. Area of a flat region, volume of a solid of revolution, volume of a solid with known cross-sections.
- The double integralDefinition of double integrals. Reduction of double integrals to iterated integrals. Changing the order of integration in iterated integrals. The geometric interpretation and main properties of double integrals
- Improper IntegralsIntegrals with infinite bounds. Improper integrals of the first kind. Integration of unbounded functions. Improper integrals of the second kind. Principle value. Convergence tests for improper integrals. Absolute and relative convergence of improper integrals
- Functions of several variablesGraphical presentation of functions of two variables. The limit of functions of two (and more) variables. Finding limits. Continuity at a point. The main properties of continuous functions of several variables
- Partial derivatives and related topicsDefinition of the partial derivatives of the first order. The differential, its invariance. Geometrical meaning in 2D case. Directional derivative and gradient. Partial derivatives of higher order. Properties of mixed derivatives. Implicit functions determined from a system of non-linear equations. Solvability of non-linear systems, Jacobian
- Optimisation problemsLocal extrema of a function of several variables. The necessary and sufficient conditions for a local extremum. Application to optimisation problems for functions of two variables. Conditional extremum. The method of undetermined Lagrange multipliers. Sufficient conditions. Examples of multi-parametric optimisation under constraints
- Differential equations and slope fieldsDefinition of first order differential equations. General and particular solutions. Existence and uniqueness theorem. Isoclines and direction fields. Solution of separable differential equations. Solution of homogeneous differential equations and first-order linear equations. Application of differential equations to physics and economics.
- Cauchy initial value problemInitial value problem for ordinary differential equations (ODE) of the first order. Existence and uniqueness of the solution. Linear systems of ODE of the first order. Systems of ODE with constant coefficients. Fundamental solutions and general solution of the system of ODE. Examples from economics
- Introduction to differential equations of the n-th orderLinear homogeneous and non-homogeneous ODE of the n-th order with constant coefficients. The methods of their solution. Boundary value problems for ODE of the second and higher orders
- Introduction of integral transformsFourier Transform and Laplace Transform. Inverse transforms. General properties. Use the tables of Fourier and Laplace transforms. Convolution theorem. Application to solving ODE
Assessment Elements
- Quizzes
- Lecture quizzes
- Test
- Midterm exam
- Final examExamination format: The exam is taken written with asynchronous proctoring. Asynchronous proctoring means that all the student's actions during the exam will be “watched” by the computer. The exam process is recorded and analyzed by artificial intelligence and a human (proctor). Please be careful and follow the instructions clearly! The platform: The exam is conducted on the StartExam platform. StartExam is an online platform for conducting test tasks of various levels of complexity. The link to pass the exam task will be available to the student in the RUZ. The computers must meet the following technical requirements: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pCRIyyp0MnkmmQUhzM3wK6W63bA7cwvS/view?usp=drivesdk A student is supposed to follow the requirements below: Prepare identification documents (а passport on a page with name and photo) for identification before the beginning of the examination task; Check your microphone, speakers or headphones, webcam, Internet connection (we recommend connecting your computer to the network with a cable, if possible); Prepare the necessary writing equipment, such as pens, pencils, and pieces of paper. Disable applications on the computer's task other than the browser that will be used to log in to the StartExam program. If one of the necessary requirements for participation in the exam cannot be met, a student is obliged to inform a program manager 7 days before the exam date to decide on the student's participation in the exams. Important rules: All rules are available in exam regulations using asynchronous proctoring technology in the framework of intermediate certification. Connection failures: A short-term connection failure during the exam is considered to be the loss of a student's network connection with the StartExam platform for no longer than 5 minutes per exam. A long-term connection failure during the exam is considered to be the loss of a student's network connection with the StartExam platform for longer than 5 minutes per exam and will be the basis for the decision to terminate the exam. In case of long-term connection failure in the StartExam platform during the examination task, the student must record the fact of connection failure (screenshot, a response from the Internet provider). Then contact the program manager with an explanatory note about the incident to decide on retaking the exam.
