Альтернативные технологии жилищного строительства и широко используемые методы саманного строительства в жилых массивах Бишкека

The City of Bishkek faces a challenge in the form of informal housing which has become prevalent in City outskirts, and which encroaches on the city territories, putting a strain on the city services and utilities. The urbanization of peripheral territories in Bishkek are driven by internal migration within the country, a phenomenon which has resulted in large territories with self-constructed housing units which are not efficiently regulated by the construction codes, and which consequently results in a challenging situation with regards to the legalization of the ownership of the housing property. In the course of this thesis, the challenges of informal housing in Bishkek were identified to have far reaching consequences for the overall effectiveness of the city of Bishkek, with a specific stress on the utilities and services. Considering the availability of earth as a construction material, this project proposes the implementation of low-cost housing with the aim of alleviating the challenge of Bishkek’s peripheral urbanization. To this end, this thesis relies on case studies conducted on among other, the city of San Paulo for assessment of evolution of informal settlements, as well as benchmarking conducted for the use of earth as a construction material in northern climate zones such as Scotland. The high cost of construction using conventional materials is identified as a major challenge to the implementation of low-cost housing. It is likewise worth noting that the conventional construction materials are known to have significantly high carbon footprints. Proposal for self-sufficient mixed use and mixed density urban housing on the basis of ecological materials which form the module for a unit of an urban block.