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Regular version of the site

Russia in Asia-Pacific: Challenges and Opportunities

2020/2021
Academic Year
ENG
Instruction in English
3
ECTS credits
Course type:
Compulsory course
When:
3 year, 1, 2 module

Instructor


Дружинин Николай Львович

Course Syllabus

Abstract

The course “Russia in Asia-Pacific: Challenges and Opportunities” reveals the meaning, significance and difficulties of Russia's Pivot to Asia as a natural process of increasing activity both in the Russian Far East and in Asia-Pacific region as a whole. The course contains an analysis of the existing relations between Russia and states of this region. The course examines the key issues of modern history, economy and culture of East Asian countries, shows their specifics, highlights the evolution of Russia's international relations with these countries, and analyzes the contradictions and obstacles encountered along the way. The main focus is on political relations, economic cooperation and cultural interaction between Russia and the leading East Asian countries - China, Japan and the Republic of Korea. The course is aimed at studying the institutional systems of East Asian countries and comparing them with Russian realities in order to more accurately determine the points of intersection of mutual interests, opportunities, as well as assess the challenges, origins of conflicts and disagreements on a number of issues. At the same time, the course examines a number of aspects of Russian participation in international regional organizations and forums. The course demonstrates the existing possibilities for a serious strengthening of Russia's positions in the Asia-Pacific region due to more active involvement in the international division of labor and increased cooperation with countries of the region that is becoming a powerful political and economic pole. The course is divided into two modules. The first part (Module 1) includes the study of general approaches to the analysis of Russia's positions in the Asia-Pacific region, consideration of theoretical tools, methods of institutional analysis used in further research. The Module 1 is also devoted to an overview of the key points in the historical development of East Asia, the evolution of Russia's international relations with the countries of the region, as well as issues of the development of the Russian Far East. Attention is also focused on the study of the specifics of East Asian countries and its dependence on the trajectory of previous development. It also examines the currently operating forms of economic cooperation between the countries of the Asia-Pacific region (APEC, SCO, ASEAN), studies the goals of the activities and mechanisms of functioning of these international regional organizations, as well as their possibilities in the development of comprehensive cooperation between the countries of the region, including Russia. The key issue of maintaining the balance of political forces in the region and the importance of strengthening the role of Russia as a factor of stability are comprehensively studied; the challenges and prospects generated by China's powerful economic leap are analyzed. The second part of the course (Module 2) is devoted to examining the prospects for strengthening Russia's position in the Asia-Pacific region, contains a detailed analysis of modern bilateral relations between Russia and China, Japan and the Republic of Korea, including an analysis of political problems of interaction. The Module 2 analyzes challenges that Russia faces on the path of the Pivot to Asia, the obstacles that must be overcome in order to use the full potential and opportunities of cooperation with the dynamically developing Asia-Pacific region, including South Asian countries. The contribution of Russia and other states of the region to the solution of the most acute socio-political and economic problems (the fight against the proliferation of nuclear weapons, environmental pollution, poverty, etc.) is analyzed. Special attention is paid to assessing the role of Russia and its capabilities in resolving the nuclear threat on the Korean Peninsula and the prospects for resolving territorial problems and concluding a peace treaty with Japan. Also, within the framework of Module 2, the most important Russian energy projects (Sakhalin, Power of Siberia, etc.) are studied as an integral part of the overall energy security system.
Learning Objectives

Learning Objectives

  • To provide students with theoretical tools that allow them to understand the essence of the internal specifics of the countries of the region and assess the logic of the changes taking place in it;
  • to develop students' skills in using institutional analysis when comparing the social structure of Russia and the countries of Asia-Pacific, as well as when comparing Russian and East Asian approaches to solving the most important political and economic problems;
  • to acquaint students with the history of formation and the main stages in the development of relations between Russia and the states of East Asia;
  • to form in students a comprehensive understanding of the current state of international relations of Russia in Asia-Pacific, as well as the prospects for their development and problems that complicate mutually beneficial cooperation;
  • to train students to conduct an academic analysis of the activities of international organizations uniting Russia and the countries of East Asia on the way to solving the most pressing problems of the region;
  • to develop an understanding of the broad opportunities that the Pivot to Asia offers Russia, as well as a clear awareness of the obstacles that stand in this way;
  • to initiate a systematic and holistic view on the basic theoretical approaches to international relations in the region.
Expected Learning Outcomes

Expected Learning Outcomes

  • To acquire new knowledge by applying scientific methods of analysis and using a wide range of oriental scientific sources;
  • to identify the internal cause-and-effect relationship of externally disparate social and political events, isolating the essence of the events taking place;
  • to be able to systematize the historical experience of reform in the countries under consideration;
  • the ability to work in a team, build competent communication during discussions and presentations;
  • to prepare and correctly execute written works.
  • to explain what connects Russia with the countries of East Asia, and what role Russia plays in Asia-Pacific region;
  • to prove the importance of the institutions formed over the years in modern politics, economy and public life, as well as to highlight the main features of the specific institutional systems of the countries of East Asia;
  • to compare the East Asian state and social systems with the Russian political and social structure, to analyze the reasons for the obvious significant differences, both in the way of economic thinking and in approaches to solving economic issues in Russia and the countries of East Asia;
  • to describe the current state and prospects for the development of international relations between Russia and the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, as well as give examples of economic cooperation between Russia and the countries of East Asia, which are important trade partners of our country (China, Japan, Republic of Korea);
  • to reveal the meaning of the creation and participation of Russia in large international organizations linking the countries of Asia-Pacific;
  • to formulate the developed approaches to solving the most important international problems of the region.
Course Contents

Course Contents

  • Week 1. Introduction. Overview of the course. Asia-Pacific region and its specificity. Offline.
    • Introduction. Course “Russia in Asia-Pacific: Challenges and Opportunities”: general information. (2 hours). Pivot to Asia: difficulties and prospects. Institutional approach. Comparison of institutions as a set of formal and informal rules. The theory of dependence on the previous trajectory of development in modern international relations. • Pivot to Asia. East Asia and its specificity. (2 hours). Features of the evolution of the East Asian institutional system, comparison with Russian structure. The reasons for the assertion of the special role of the state, the development of paternalism and special attitude to work in East Asian countries and Russia. Pivot to Asia: Myths and Realities
  • Week 2. East Asia’s changes in the Post-Soviet era, the evolution of Russia’s role in the Asia-Pacific region. Offline.
    • Further development of Asian regionalism (2 hours). Why was the institutionalization of Asia extensively promoted in the 1990s and 2000s in the end of the Cold War and after USSR times? Changes of the Role of East Asian countries in the world. The Rise of their importance for Russia. • Transforming Russian and U.S. Policy in Asia-Pacific region (2 hours). Changing the role of Russia in the Asia-Pacific under conditions of the economic “war”, or “new Cold War,” escalation of confrontation between two global giants, the United States and China, in trade, technology and international politics. New concept of “Indo-Pacific region” supported by the four countries (the US, India, Japan, and Australia).
  • Week 3. Russia’s Pivot to Asia, new challenges and cooperation with Asia-Pacific international organizations. Online.
    • Major factors that have influenced the evolution of post-Soviet Russian policy towards the Asia Pacific. Russia’s Pivot to Asia as a gradual trend (2 hours). The new Russian diplomacy in the Asia-Pacific and its areas. Key factors that have led Russia to take greater interest in the Asia-Pacific and step up activity there. An “eastern policy” as a characterization of Russia’s activities to rebalance its external political and economic relations. Eastern policy of Russia is not an alternative to Russian - European cooperation. Is Pivot to Asia a tactical maneuver in relations with the West or a strategic redirection of Russian interests? • Mechanisms of international relations in Asia-Pacific (2 hours): Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). Russian cooperation with Asia-Pacific international organizations.
  • Week 4. Russia as an important actor in the Asia-Pacific region. Eastern Economic Forum. Online.
    • Russia’s pivot to China and a policy to change the global order from unipolar to multipolar (2 hours). Declared in Moscow a “turn to the East” as a real policy. Russia’s emergence as an Asia-Pacific power and the obstacles and limitations of its influence in the region. The deepening interdependency of the Asia-Pacific countries combined with the economic and military-political rise. Eastern Economic Forum 2015-2019. • Asia-Pacific region as the new powerful gravitation pole in the world economy and international relations (2 hours). Russia as an important actor in the region with significant influence over the security environment. China’s and Russia’s Profile in Asia-Pacific. The positions of Russia and China in Asia-Pacific: general and different. The geopolitical confrontation between Russia and the United States in the Asia-Pacific region. Russia's role in maintaining a balance of political stability in the region. APEC: problems and prospects for the development of cooperation.
  • Week 5. The development of the Far East as a main step of the Russia’s Pivot to the East. Online.
    • Key component of the Russia’s Asian pivot is Russia’s own Far Eastern region (2 hours). The development of the Russian Far East as a “national priority for the 21st century.” (declared by President of RF in 2017, APEC Forum). Economic development of the Russian Far East is a key component of Russia’s goals to strengthen its security and increase its position in Northeast Asia. • Russian Ministry for the Development of the Far East Russian (2 hours). Ministry for the Development of the Far East as an institutional innovation to facilitate these plans. Russian development in the Far East as a necessary condition of adequate investment and trade cooperation with East Asia’s countries. The need to develop the Far Eastern region of Russia and strengthen cooperation with the countries of East Asia as a factor of competitive survival. "The Program of development of Russian-Chinese cooperation in the trade-economic and investment spheres in the Far East of the RF for 2018-2024".
  • Week 6. Russian-Chinese ties and cooperation in the Far East. Online.
    • The Russian Far East as a unique place in Russia-China relations. Problems of Russian- Chinese cooperation in Russian Far East (2 hours). The Russian Far East as a unique place in Russia-China relations and potential to become the center of a new quality of bilateral and multilateral engagement in Northeast Asia in 2020s. Chinese commercial interests in the Russian Far East, rising Chinese commercial influence in this parts of Russia. China’s growing involvement in the region and supporting local Chinese economic activities by Russia’s Far Eastern authorities. The main obstacle to Russia-China rapprochement in the 1990s was its economic backwardness. Chinese migration to Russia in 2000s. Barriers to Chinese investment and participation in the Far East’s development (from cost concerns, to inadequate infrastructure, poor knowledge and distrust between Russian and Chinese business communities). • Russia is a successor of USSR, Russian ideological influence on China (2 hours). The task set by the Chinese leadership to create “social sciences with Chinese characteristics” based on Marxism, national tradition and Western theories. Problems in the development of political economy in China Soviet influence and insufficient development of productive forces and immaturity of China’s economic system as theoretical problems. Can Russia help China in creating a new Chinese Economics?
  • Week 7. Summarizing up the first training module, final discussion, presentations. Mid-term exam. Online.
    • Summarizing up the first training module, final discussion on proposed topics, presentations (2 hours). • MID-TERM EXAM (2 hours).
  • Week 8. China as biggest Russian partner in the East Asia: the new opportunities. Online.
    • East Asia is a dynamically growing region with China as a most important player (2 hours). Problems and prospects associated with the growing power of China, the development of the Chinese market and the growing imbalances in the economic development of Russia and China. China's "One Belt, One Road" strategy. The Xi Jinping administration's foreign policy toward the "great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation". Creating a sphere of influence and increasing its own influence in the international community and not compromising on its "core interests" as the principles of new foreign policy of China. Chinese politics and bilateral relations with Northeast Asian countries. • The new trade war between China and the United States as a manifestation of a new cold war (2 hours). The US containment policy of China and the role of Russia in this confrontation. Strengthening the dynamics of Russian-Chinese cooperation. Attempts of the Reconceptualizing the Asian Regional Space. New concept of “Indo-Pacific region” and anti-China-centric coalition aiming to contain China in general, and particularly its “One Belt, One Road” initiative.
  • Week 9. Russia’s pivot and new power bloc and new balance in Asia Pacific. Online.
    • Great-power vision of Russia as a Euro-Pacific actor (2 hours). East Asia’s maintaining of the strategic stability among the United States, Russia and China as a vital aim to its regional security. Russian large-scale military modernization as an intention of projecting power into Asia. Control over Russia’s eastern territories, including the Northern Sea Route in the Arctic, managing any regional crises (such as on the Korean Peninsula) and highlighting Russia’s international power and status as main missions of the Russian forces in the Far East. • Russia and China are joining forces in the international arena (2 hours). Russian forces bilateral and multilateral exercises with Asian militaries, especially with the Chinese Peoples’ Liberation Army (PLA). Russian support for China in its maritime disputes. Large Russian weapons exports to China and other countries of the East Asia. Russian foreign policy and similarities and distinctions of two variants of the “China model” – a continental one in the People’s Republic of China and the island one in the Republic of China on Taiwan (or Taiwan, China).
  • Week 10. The role of Russian energy export to East Asia. Online.
    • Increase of Russian energy export in East Asia (2 hours). The Rise of the East Asia’s energy import dependency (especially in oil and gas) and Russia's success on meeting this requirement. • Russian-Chinese energy projects (2 hours). Different ways of Economic cooperation between Russia and China since 1991. Russian activities in China: underestimation of the neighbor. The 1990s decade of Sino-Russian economic relations as an example of unfulfilled agreements and unfinished projects. Increasing Sino-Russian trade volumes in the 2000s and the 2010s, but mostly thanks to energy cooperation. ‘Power Of Siberia’ - Pipeline To China as a strategic energy cooperation and partnership between Moscow and Beijing and one of the main features of contemporary global politics.
  • Week 11. South Korea as a Global Power. Russian-South Korean relations. Online.
    • South Korea as a Global Power (2 hours). Economic miracle. Global role of the Republic of Korea. Economic and People-to-People ties between Korea and Russia. Comparison of the volumes of cooperation with ASEAN and Three other Major Partners of Korea including Russia. U.S. Trade Policy towards Republic of Korea. • Russian-South Korean relations (2 hours). “Global Korea” conception and relations with four strategic partners: the United States, Russia, China and Japan. South Korea’s pivotal role as a “balancer” in the region. South Korea’s middle-power diplomacy. The relationship between middle powers and great powers. President Moon’s domestic policy of a “people-oriented economy” and the New Southern Policy. The Korean Pivot.
  • Week 12. Russian-North Korean relations. Nuclear problem. Online.
    • North Korea’s nuclear program as a destabilizing factor in the region. (2 hours). North Korea and South Korea as a fundamentally different political systems. Economic, quantitative and geographic comparisons of two countries. North Korea’s nuclear program as a destabilizing factor in the region. Current nuclear situations in East Asia and possible regional nuclear risks. • Russian-North Korean relations. (2 hours). North Korea (DPRK) nuclear ambitions as part of a more complex “Korean peninsula nuclear issue.” Russia’s officially opposing to the DPRK’s status as a nuclear-weapon state. Russian-North Korean economic relations.
  • Week 13. Russia’s Strategy in Southeast Asia. Russian cooperation with ASEAN. Online.
    • Russia’s Strategy in Southeast Asia (2 hours). Russia’s eastward pivot does not mean only a turn towards China. The need for Russia to balance relations with China. Russian balancing its own engagement and shift towards China by developing its relations with ASEAN countries. The development strategy of Russia and the countries of Southeast Asia. • Southeast Asia and ASEAN in the priorities of the Russian “turn to Asia” policy (2 hours). Asia–Pacific’s growing importance as a factor of Russian cooperating with Eastern international organizations – such as the ASEAN. Foreign policy aspects of the problem of geopolitics. Strengthening the economic position of the countries of Southeast Asia in the world. Maintaining Russia's old and creating new ties in the region.
  • Week 14. Russian-Japanese relations. The Problem of Southern Kurils / Northern territories. Online.
    • Difficult history and problematic present of Russian-Japanese relations (2 hours). What are Russia’s goals in its relation with Japan? Why Japan remains committed to building closer ties with Russia? Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s hopes that better relations with Moscow would promote the country’s long-term interests in the Asia-Pacific region. Good partnership with Russia and national interest of Japan. Japan as the important geopolitical player in the region. Relations between Russia and Japan, prospects for their development in the field of economy and culture. • Problems of concluding a peace treaty between Russia and Japan. Prospects for breaking the deadlock of Russian-Japanese political confrontation (2 hours). The history of the conflict around the four South Kuril Islands and the reasons for the difficulty of its solution. The Problem of Southern Kurils / Northern territories: economic background. Resolve the Northern Territories dispute and conclude a peace treaty as a Policy Objectives in Japanese Policy. Shift in the Asia-Pacific’s strategic environment and Problems in the Japan-China relationship (Senkaku Islands dispute, coral poaching around the Ogasawara Islands). Prospects for the development of bilateral mutually beneficial relations between Russia and Japan.
  • Week 15. Summarizing up the second training module, final discussion, presentations. Final Exam. Online.
    • Summarizing up the second training module, final discussion on proposed topics, presentations. (2 hours). • FINAL EXAM (2 hours).
Assessment Elements

Assessment Elements

  • non-blocking ATTENDANCE
  • non-blocking HOMEWORK (ESSAYS)
    Student can independently choose subject of essay or report within the respective theme of the course “Russia in Asia-Pacific: Challenges and Opportunities” or take one of the topics proposed. Students should not take exactly the same topic of reports/essays. Students distribute (allocate) dates of their performances among themselves. It is necessary (preferable), that the essay/report themes correspond to the topics of classes. It is desirable that there is approximately the same number of speakers in each session. It is extremely important that there are no sessions without speakers. If it is impossible to speak, the student has the opportunity to set a different date for the speech, but must exchange performance dates with someone and warn the teacher in advance, provided that the seminar is missing for a good reason. In the absence of a valid reason, the student receives "0" for this type of control. The percentage of originality in the essay/report should be at least 80%. Please check out what is considered plagiarism here https://www.hse.ru/data/2015/09/08/1088822413/ethics_thesis.pdf The essay/report must be submitted to the teacher in writing before speaking to the teacher's E-Mail for written works of students (A180185@yandex.ru). If the essay/report was sent to the teacher's e-mail, but the student did not present it in the class, did not speak with it and did not answer the questions, the task is considered completed only by 50%. The essay/report begins with the presentation of the title, plan, goals and objectives of the speech to the audience, and ends with conclusions and a list of sources and research used in its preparation. The student must demonstrate the ability to logically and consistently present both his own ideas and the content of the refereed scientific works. The student must identify and formulate the main ideas of the material under study, highlight the author's concepts, generalize the studied material, cite someone else's text academically correctly, compile a bibliographic description of the refereed material in accordance with general requirements. All assignments are due via email. They must be in Word or PDF format. Each file should be properly named: №GROUP_SURNAME_TYPE AND NUMBER OF ASSINGMENT. E.g.: 125_Ivanov_Essay1.doc or 125_Ivanov_Report2.pdf.
  • non-blocking IN-CLASS PARTICIPATION (REPORTS+PRESENTATIONS)
  • non-blocking TEST 1
  • non-blocking FINAL EXAM
  • non-blocking TEST 2
Interim Assessment

Interim Assessment

  • Interim assessment (2 module)
    0.1 * TEST 1 + 0.15 * ATTENDANCE + 0.2 * FINAL EXAM + 0.2 * HOMEWORK (ESSAYS) + 0.25 * IN-CLASS PARTICIPATION (REPORTS+PRESENTATIONS) + 0.1 * TEST 2
Bibliography

Bibliography

Recommended Core Bibliography

  • Barannikova, A. V. (DE-588)1205087222, (DE-627)169046836X, aut. (2019). United States-DPRK relations is normalization possible? preface Jeffrey Mankoff ; author Anastasia Barannikova ; CSIS, Center for Strategic & International Studies.
  • Blakkisrud, H. (2017). Russia’s turn to the East: The Ministry for the Development of the Far East, and the domestic dimension.
  • Dibb, P. V. (DE-588)141669659, (DE-627)704037564, (DE-576)160727553, aut. (2019). How the geopolitical partnership between China and Russia threatens the West Paul Dibb ; ASPI, Australian Strategic Policy Institute.
  • Gorenburg, D. P. . V. (DE-588)141779667, (DE-627)704061805, (DE-576)409446866, aut. (2019). Russia’s strategy in Southeast Asia Dmitry Gorenburg, CNA, Harvard University, Paul Schwartz, CNA ; PONARS Eurasia - New Approaches to Research and Security in Eurasia.
  • Lo, B. V. (DE-588)136778704, (DE-627)587246081, (DE-576)182102718, aut. (2019). Once more with feeling Russia and the Asia-Pacific Bobo Lo, Lowy Institute.
  • Lubina, M. V. (DE-588)1143872649, (DE-627)1003433197, (DE-576)495199478, aut. (2017). Russia and China a political marriage of convenience – stable and successful Michał Lubina.
  • Mie Oba. (2019). Further development of Asian regionalism: institutional hedging in an uncertain era. https://doi.org/10.1080/24761028.2019.1688905
  • Miller, C. (2017). Japan-Russia relations [Elektronische Ressource] : the view from Moscow / by Chris Miller. German Marshall Fund of the United States.
  • Regional security outlook ... Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific (CSCAP). (2007).
  • Westermann, J. V. (DE-588)1161559191, (DE-627)1024842282, (DE-576)506728625, aut. (2018). Putin and North Korea exploring Russian interests around the peninsula Jacqueline Westermann ; ASPI, Australian Strategic Policy Institute.
  • ДЕНИСОВ Е.И. (2016). Подъем Поворотом. «Поворот На Восток: Развитие Сибири И Дальнего Востока В Условиях Усиления Азиатского Вектора Внешней Политики России».

Recommended Additional Bibliography

  • Alexeeva, O. (2011). Chinese Migration in the Russian Far East.
  • Atanassova-Cornelis, E. (DE-576)381620700. (2015). Pride and prejudice [Elektronische Ressource] : maritime disputes in Northeast Asia / Elena Atanassova-Cornelis, Ramon Pacheco and Eva Pejsova. [Foreword Antonio Missiroli]. European Union Institute for Security Studies.
  • China-Russia relations and regional dynamics [Elektronische Ressource] : from pivots to peripheral diplomacy / ed. by Lora Saalman. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. (2017). Sipri - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
  • Cordesman, A. H. . V. (DE-588)132834979, (DE-627)527714593, (DE-576)160622204, aut. (2018). The Korean civil-military balance Anthony H. Cordesman with the assistance of Nick Harrington ; Burke Chair in Strategy.
  • Cordesman, A. H. . V. (DE-588)132834979, (DE-627)527714593, (DE-576)160622204, aut. (2019). China and the U.S.: cooperation, competition and/or conflict an experimental assessment : full report Anthony H. Cordesman (Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy), with the assistance of Max Molot.
  • Fattibene, D. (2015). Russia’s pivot to Asia [Elektronische Ressource] : myths and realities / by Daniele Fattibene. Istituto Affari Internazionali.
  • Haas, M. de. (2013). Russian-Chinese security relations : Moscow’s threat from the East? / Michael de Haas. Clingendael Institute.
  • Howe, B., & Park, M. J. (2019). South Korea’s (Incomplete) Middle-Power Diplomacy toward Asean. International Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies, 15(2), 117–142. https://doi.org/10.21315/ijaps2019.15.2.5
  • Japan’s global diplomacy [Elektronische Ressource] : views from the next generation / ed. by Yuki Tatsumi. Stimson. (2015).
  • Ji Won Yun. (2015). International Cooperation for the Construction of South Korea - North Korea - Russia Pipeline Natural Gas (PNG): Effectiveness and Restrictions. Journal of East Asian Affairs, 29(1), 71–100.
  • June Teufel Dreyer. (2016). Middle Kingdom and Empire of the Rising Sun : Sino-Japanese Relations, Past and Present. Oxford University Press.
  • Kurt Campbell. (2016). The Pivot : The Future of American Statecraft in Asia: Vol. First edition. Twelve.
  • Shin-Wha Lee, & Chun Young Park. (2017). Korea’s Middle Power Diplomacy for Human Security: A Global and Regional Approach. Journal of International & Area Studies, 24(1), 21–44.
  • Stronski, P. V. (DE-588)1139397028, (DE-576)350614059, aut. (2018). Cooperation and competition : Russia and China in Central Asia, the Russian Far East, and the Arctic / Paul Stronski and Nicole Ng ; Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
  • Sun-Woo Lee, & Hyungjin Cho. (2018). A Subtle Difference between Russia and China’s Stances toward the Korean Peninsula and Its Strategic Implications for South Korea. Journal of International & Area Studies, 25(1), 113–130.
  • Sussex, M. (2015). Russia’s Asian rebalance [Elektronische Ressource] / Matthew Sussex. Lowy Institute for International Policy.
  • Sverdrup-Thygeson, B. (2015). Views from the Pivot Point: Chinese Perceptions of Russia’s ‘Go East’ Strategy.
  • The Korean pivot : the study of South Korea as a global power / editors Dr. Victor Cha, Marie Dumond ; CSIS, Center for Strategic & International Studies. (2017).
  • Trenin, D. V. . (DE-588)114738327, (DE-576)175880190. (2015). From Greater Europe to Greater Asia? [Elektronische Ressource] : The Sino-Russian entente / Dmitri Trenin. Moscow: Carnegie Moscow Center. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edswao&AN=edswao.448993783
  • ДРУЖИНИН Н.Л. (2014). Институциональный подход к исследованию российского и китайского путей рыночного реформирования экономики.
  • Наталья Степановна Мартышенко, & Алексей Денисович КлёЦкин. (n.d.). Развитие Сотрудничества Между Россией И Китаем В Нефтяном Секторе И Его Влияние На Экономику Приморского Края.