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Regular version of the site
Master 2018/2019

Interpersonal Behavior

Type: Elective course (Applied Social Psychology)
Area of studies: Psychology
Delivered by: School of Psychology
When: 1 year, 3, 4 module
Mode of studies: offline
Instructors: Bogdan Chuprikov
Master’s programme: Applied Social Psychology
Language: English
ECTS credits: 4
Contact hours: 48

Course Syllabus

Abstract

The course is aimed to introduce to students the international findings in the area of interpersonal behavior. Specific topics addressed are: social exclusion and the need to belong, conflict and cooperation, distributive and procedural justice, fairness and self-interest, negotiation and social exchange.
Learning Objectives

Learning Objectives

  • To acquaint students with basic theories and investigations in the area of interpersonal behavior.
  • To develop students’ abilities to analyze and compare different research approaches, and to identify its strengths and weaknesses.
  • To develop students' abilities to present their ideas, analysis results, and to organize the scientific discussion.
  • To develop students' abilities to participate in the scientific discussion
Expected Learning Outcomes

Expected Learning Outcomes

  • Understands the main definitions of interpersonal behavior
  • Is able to distinguish the types and factors of interpersonal behavior
  • Understands the belongingness hypothesis
  • Is able to outline the forms of belongingness and its influenced variables
  • Is able to understand a research article, outline the summary and present it
  • Is able to analyze a research article, present the summary, analysis points and limitations
  • Understands what ostracism and social exclusion are
  • Is able to distinguish the effects of ostracism
  • Understands the methodological structure of Cyberball and Cyberbomb games
  • Understands the variables of human behavior
  • Is able to analyze the situations of interactions through the components of interdependence structure
  • Understands the social value orientation model
  • Is able to analyze the behavior through SVO typology
  • Understands the concepts of tacit coordination and coordination problems
  • Is able to deduct the decision-making processes behind tacit coordination decisions
  • Understands the concept of social dilemmas
  • Is able to distinguish the social trap dilemmas and social fence dilemmas
  • Is able to use the social dilemma game in practice and analyze the factors behind game decisions
  • Understands the role of emotions in decision making
  • Is able to analyze the decision-making from the scope of moral emotions as factors
  • Undestands the role of guilt in decision making
  • Understands the concepts of altruism and its different models
  • Is able to determing the possible causes of altruism in interactions
  • Understands the evolutionary origins of altruistic behavior
  • Understands the concept and effects of altruistic punishment
  • Understands the evolutionary factors of altruistic punishment
  • Is able to deduct the factors of punishment decisions
  • Is able to create case studies on altruistic punishment
  • Understands the concepts of equity, equality and need
  • Is able to distinguish between the situations of inequity and inequality and analyze their factors
  • Is able to analyze situations from the scope of fairness and procedural justice
  • Understands the concepts of uncertainty and terror management and their evolutionary origins
  • Is able to analyze and explain the decision-making situations through the scope of uncertainty and terror management theories
  • Is able to create and present solutions for topical societal problems based on uncertainty and terror management theories
  • Understands the factors of deception and honesty and their effects on behavior
  • Is able to figure out the consequences of deception and honesty in a situation and analyze them
  • Understands the link between dishonesty and creativity
  • Understands the factors and mechanisms of coalition formation
  • Is able to analyze interaction situations through social utility approach
  • Is able to construct a novel problem statement based on research of existing theoretical sources
  • Is able to offer sound methodology for solving the problem statement
  • Is able to see the practical application of research work in particular professional areas, while deducting the probable clients and limitations of applying the results in professional work
  • Is able to foresee and analyze the applied potential of the research results
Course Contents

Course Contents

  • Introduction: Overview of the course
    Thematic overview of the course and research area is presented as well as auditory classes’ process, homework structure, and methods of assessment are explained. Students choose topics they will responsible for and form workgroups. Students’ and teacher’s expectations are discussed.
  • Topic 1. Need to belong
    The need to belong as a fundamental human motivation is stated and described. Different antecedents and consequences of this fundamental need are analyzed and discussed. Firstly, basics of intrinsic motivation, well-being, and Self-Determination Theory are presented. Then, assumption that people seek positive self-regard (motivation to possess, enhance, and maintain positive self-views) as far as cross-cultural generalizability of such motivation are discussed. Next and the last contemporary studies of the need to belong are presented and discussed.
  • Topic 2. Exclusion and ostracism
    Conceptual background of ostracism understanding and theorizing is analyzed and discussed, namely: an evolutionary perspective of ostracism; paradigms and manipulations of ostracism, social exclusion, and rejection (ball tossing, cyberball, life alone prognosis paradigm, get acquainted techniques). Special attention is devoted to K.Williams’ temporal responses to ostracism viewpoint (reflexive painful response, a reflective stage, and resignation) and empirical findings on every stage. Effects of being ostracized from a death game (Cyberball paradigm) are discussed.
  • Topic 3. Interdependence
    The notions of interdependence, interaction, and relationships are analyzed. The main focus is on interdependence, its structure and processes. Following phenomena are discussed as a parts of interdependence structure: (1) matrices and transition lists, (2) needs, preferences, and outcomes, (3) dimensions of situation structure (level of dependence, mutuality of dependence, basis of dependence, covariation of interests, temporal structure, information about partners and future interaction possibilities). Different stages, components, and factors of interdependence processes are described and analyzed. Specific attention is devoted to development of social value orientation (SVO). Processes underlying this development are discussed.
  • Topic 4. Coordination problems
    This topic is based on T.Schelling ideas about tacit bargaining and tacit co-ordination. Firstly, Schelling’s model is analyzed, namely: (1) the notion of “tacit co-ordination”, (2) tacit coordination possibility in cooperative and conflicts situations, (3) types of clues or keys for tacit coordination. Then social information as a cue for tacit coordination is discussed. A series of four empirical studies (experiments) provided by De Kwaadsteniet et al., (2011) are described and analyzed.
  • Topic 5. Dilemmas
    Dilemmas is one of the key topic of the course. Firstly, different types and classifications (social traps and social fences, commons and public goods dilemmas, Prisoner’s dilemma, chicken dilemma, assurance dilemma) of dilemmas are presented and analyzed. Then theoretical approaches (Interdependence theory, Appropriateness framework, and evolutionary theory) are discussed. Special attention is devoted to developments structural, psychological, and dynamic interaction recent influences in dilemmas research. And lastly empirical study about tacit coordination possibility in social dilemmas is presented and thoroughly discussed.
  • Topic 6. Moral emotions
    Firstly, emotions’ specificity in the decision making process is discussed. Special attention is devoted to difference between affects and emotions. Then feeling-is-for-doing approach is analyzed. And the last part is devoted to negative consequences of guilt experience for the third part. Three pilot studies and four experiments are analyzed and discussed.
  • Topic 7. Reciprocal altruism
    This topic focuses on two issues. Firstly, the evolution of reciprocal altruism from simple symbioses through animal behavior to human conduct is discussed. R.Trivers’ model of reciprocal altruism is described as a basis for evolutional point of view. Secondly, the evolution of cooperation is discussed. Following R.Axelrod’s and W.Hamilton’s ideas cooperation is considered as a strategies of Prisoner’s Dilemma solving. Especial attention is devoted to robustness, stability, and initial viability of such strategies.
  • Topic 8. Altruistic punishment
    The problem of human cooperation as an evolutionary puzzle is discussed. The notion of “altruistic punishment” as an explanation of human cooperation is depicted and analyzed. Main focus is devoted to different factors influencing on altruistic punishment increasing or decreasing: (1) emotional condition of partners, (2) social norm of distributive justice, (3) empathy level, etc.
  • Topic 9. Equity theory
    J.Adams’ ideas about inequality in social exchange are presented and discussed. The notions of “relative deprivation”, “distributive justice”, “inequality” and its’ antecedents and consequences are depicted and thoroughly examined. New directions in equity research are presented and discussed.
  • Topic 10. Voice effect
    This topic discusses the effects of uncertainty and mortality on social interactions.
  • Topic 11. Deception
    Firstly, the phenomenon of deception in interpersonal relationships and different theoretical and research approaches to deception are described. Main focus of the topic is devoted to instrumental account of deception and reaction to deceit in bargaining. Then different empirical findings are discussed: (1) power and deception in bargaining, (2) suspicion-based rejections of high offers, (3) limited capacity to lie, (4) time limitations for honesty acts.
  • Topic 12. Self-interest and fairness
    How coalitions for collaboration are formed, and what effect does honesty and deception have on the processes of cooperation.
  • Group work: Applied project proposal
    Over the course of 1.5-2 months the students in groups come up with an idea of an applied research project based on the topics of the course. They prepare a research project proposal and a consequent applied plan to be used in the work (of a company / government office / charity organization etc.).
Assessment Elements

Assessment Elements

  • non-blocking Mini-tests
  • non-blocking Homework 1 - Group presentation of an article
  • non-blocking Homework 2 - Applied project proposal
  • non-blocking Final test
  • non-blocking Class activity
Interim Assessment

Interim Assessment

  • Interim assessment (4 module)
    0.32 * Class activity + 0.2 * Final test + 0.16 * Homework 1 - Group presentation of an article + 0.24 * Homework 2 - Applied project proposal + 0.08 * Mini-tests
Bibliography

Bibliography

Recommended Core Bibliography

  • Axelrod, R. M. (2006). The Evolution of Cooperation (Vol. Rev. ed. / with a new foreword by Richard Dawkins). New York: Basic Books. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsebk&AN=515190
  • Bos, K. van den, Poortvliet, P. M., Maas, M., Miedema, J., & Ham, E.-J. van den. (2005). An enquiry concerning the principles of cultural norms and values: The impact of uncertainty and mortality salience on reactions to violations and bolstering of cultural worldviews. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsbas&AN=edsbas.49398342
  • Cappelen, A. W., Eichele, T., Hugdahl, K., Specht, K., Sørensen, E. Ø., & Tungodden, B. (2015). Equity theory and fair inequality: a neuroeconomic study. Discussion Paper Series in Economics. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsrep&AN=edsrep.p.hhs.nhheco.2015.019
  • De Kwaadsteniet, E. W., Homan, A. C., van Dijk, E., & van Beest, I. (2012). Social information as a cue for tacit coordination. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsbas&AN=edsbas.BB7129C6
  • Deutsch, M. (1975). Equity, Equality, and Need: What Determines Which Value Will Be Used as the Basis of Distributive Justice? Journal of Social Issues, 31(3), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1975.tb01000.x
  • Emotional expressions as social signals of rejection and acceptance: evidence from the Affect Misattribution Paradigm. (2015). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 56, 60–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.09.004
  • Ernst Fehr, & Simon Gaechter. (2003). Altruistic Punishment in Humans. Microeconomics. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsrep&AN=edsrep.p.wpa.wuwpmi.0305006
  • Geoff Macdonald, & Mark R. Leary. (2005). Why does social exclusion hurt? The relationship between social and physical pain. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsbas&AN=edsbas.6D47D0F9
  • Honesty pays:On the benefits of having and disclosing information in coalition bargaining. (2011). Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsbas&AN=edsbas.7B4C8B2F
  • Horowitz, L. M., Wilson, K. R., Turan, B., Zolotsev, P., Constantino, M. J., & Henderson, L. (2006). How Interpersonal Motives Clarify the Meaning of Interpersonal Behavior: A Revised Circumplex Model. Personality & Social Psychology Review (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates), 10(1), 67–86. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1001_4
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  • Limited capacity to lie:Cognitive load interferes with being dishonest. (2014). Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsbas&AN=edsbas.6C5728EE
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  • Robert Axelrod, & William D. Hamilton. (1981). The Evolution of Cooperation. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsbas&AN=edsbas.9020CEF6
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  • Social dilemmas as strong versus weak situations: Social value orientations and tacit coordination under resource size uncertainty. (2006). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42(4), 509–516. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsnar&AN=edsnar.oai.tilburguniversity.edu.publications.3f9e1643.610f.4dd9.bed9.17836906c067
  • Som B Ale, Joel S Brown, & Amy T Sullivan. (2013). Evolution of cooperation: combining kin selection and reciprocal altruism into matrix games with social dilemmas. PLoS ONE, (5), e63761. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063761
  • The price you pay: cost-dependent reputation effects of altruistic punishment. (2008). Evolution and Human Behavior, 29(4), 242–248. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsnar&AN=edsnar.oai.tilburguniversity.edu.publications.d4533c0a.3112.4c93.85c3.276377d095b3
  • The psychology of social dilemmas: A review. (2013). Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 120, 125–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.11.003
  • Van Beest, I., & Van Dijk, E. (2007). Self-interest and fairness in coalition formation: A social utility approach to understanding partner selection and payoff allocations in groups. European Review of Social Psychology, 18(1), 132–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463280701595354
  • van Beest, I., Williams, K. D., & van Dijk, E. (2011). Cyberbomb:Effects of being ostracized from a death game. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsbas&AN=edsbas.96158DC2
  • What is moral about guilt? Acting “prosocially” at the disadvantage of others. (2011). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(3), 462–473. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsnar&AN=edsnar.oai.library.wur.nl.wurpubs.482492

Recommended Additional Bibliography

  • A theory of regret regulation 1.0. (2007). Journal of Consumer Psychology, 17(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp1701_3
  • An instrumental account of deception and reaction to deceit in bargaining. (2010). Business Ethics Quarterly, 20, 57–73. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsnar&AN=edsnar.oai.tilburguniversity.edu.publications.5d997a55.2c95.4baf.9a22.46a74e4119df
  • Back to caring after being hurt: The role of forgiveness. (2004). European Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 207–227. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.192
  • Beest, I. V., Dijk, E. V., & Wilke, H. (2004). Resources and alternatives in coalition formation: The effects on payoff, self-serving behaviour, and bargaining length. European Journal of Social Psychology, 34(6), 713–728. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.226
  • Beest, I. van, Andeweg, R. B., Koning, L., & Lange, P. A. M. van. (2012). Do Groups Exclude Others More Readily Than Individuals in Coalition Formation? Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsbas&AN=edsbas.7189B35A
  • Beest, I. van, Kleef, G. A. van, & Dijk, E. van. (2012). Get Angry, Get Out: The Interpersonal Effects of Anger Communication in Multiparty Negotiation. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsbas&AN=edsbas.93A71875
  • Beyond revenge: neural and genetic bases of altruistic punishment. (2011). Neuroimage, 54(1), 671–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.051
  • Beyond terror: Toward a paradigm shift in the study of threat and culture. (2014). European Review of Social Psychology, 25(1), 32. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsnar&AN=edsnar.oai.dspace.library.uu.nl.1874.303924
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  • Marlowe, F. W., Berbesque, J. C., Barr, A., Barrett, C., Bolyanatz, A., Cardenas, J. C., … Tracer, D. (2007). More ‘altruistic’ punishment in larger societies. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsbas&AN=edsbas.14AA61F
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