The trade-off between labor market responsibilities and parental duties in modern family policies of Russia and Belarus

The problem of violation of parent’s rights is not considered enough. The hypothesis of research is existing laws on the protection of parents` rights in the sphere of labour are systematically violated by the employer as if the state does not protect these rights in practice allowing the employer to find some workarounds to implement the violations. The goal of my research is to find out if legislation gaps create the conditions for discrimination of women with small children in the labour sphere. In first chapter we review main theories in the sphere of family policy. We find the best definitions to the conceptions of «family policy», «state family policy», etc. In second chapter we apply to the international experience in family policy comparing Russia and the Republic of Belarus. In the end of the chapter we analyze the main actors of changes in the field of family policy, make a comparative analysis and find out who defines the state family policy of these countries. In third chapter we work with peculiarities of Russian family policy and labor market for parents. We observe violations of labor rights for parents, which gaps in laws permit to exist the violations and find out the best ways of the protections of parental rights at work. We observe some important material benefits and the forms of salaries and the level of real material support connected with this strict law violation, pay attention to small and mid-sized business` position regarding the conflict of interests of employers and parents, and find out how the level of violation of parental rights can be reduced.