Human Cloning: Moral, Ethical and Legal Aspects

In 1997 researchers-veterinarians doctors of Yаn Uilmut and Keith Campbell from Rouslin institute in Scotland have shaken the world, having declared the birth of the first cloned mammal - Dolly the sheep. With the advent of Dolly, the world community has realized that practice of cloning of the person will become possible. The discussions and disputes which have arisen concerning cloning have tried to answer many key questions concerning this problem namely: negative influence on religion and belief of people, failures and too high price of a mistake, in case of unsuccessful carrying out cloning, well-being of further existence of the person in the world, identity and advantage of life; also recommendations have been developed and normative legal acts which are directed to regulation of application and development of technology of cloning of the person are adopted in a number of certain countries. Certainly, the cloning of the person mentions not only religious, cultural, social and moral problems, but also ethical and legal: a problem of a guarantee of human rights and fundamental freedoms which, in particular, concern freedom of a child-bearing, the right for health, freedom of thought and scientific researches. As each country can have an own look and prospects of development of cloning of the person, the different countries and regions develop own policy, the legislation and the relevant provisions concerning the matter. According to current situation, this diploma will concentrate on the solution of two main questions: first, that such cloning of the person, and secondly what main moral and legal problems of cloning of the person exist presently and what reasonable decisions which can undertake the states, being guided by basic rights and freedoms of the person.