Lifeworld of Students in Russian Province in the 19th and 20th Centuries (Based on Materials from Secondary Schools)

The Russian society of the XIXth and the beginning of XXth centuries was undergoing considerable changes as a result of modernization. Urbanization as a part of this process leads to culture transformation of society. Way of people’s thinking was changing during that period. People’s mind tended to rationalism. In these conditionals the government adapted educational institutes for spreading urban behavior. “School” as a social institute became a model of the new urban hierarchy. The young peoples’ ordinary lifestyle was breaking. New norms and rules of everyday life were determined by the local administration, which is reflected in administrative documents of educational institutes. A. Schutz’s conception of the Life-World lays the foundation for consideration of a conflict between the rules of social institutions and individual attitude to them. How students conformed or did not conform to new life order in their everyday life? Young people had to learn new rules, so we pay attention to the process of transformation this rules and the new lifestyle in students’ mind. We notice that deviations in students’ behavior were the opposition to official space which was extremely disliked to young people. Schools became a social institute which created citizens, urbanites. Its reproduced people of modernized system and tried to grow up a person who would be loyalty to government and would be useful for expanding state machine. We followed the way students learned new urban space and new concepts, tried to adjust and attempted to identify other people and find their own place in the world.