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Neural Correlates of Metacognition

Student: Lee Seungah

Supervisor: Beatriz Martín-Luengo

Faculty: Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience

Educational Programme: Cognitive Sciences and Technologies: From Neuron to Cognition (Master)

Year of Graduation: 2019

Judgments of learning (JOLs) are subjective metamemory evaluations about likelihood of remembering information recently studied. We use them frequently, for example, when remembering families’ birthdays or learning new vocabulary for a language class. In this project we focused on the effect of perceptual fluency and animacy in immediate JOLs. There are a few research with EEG focused on the dissociation of the neural correlation of immediate-JOLs and memory. Skavhaug and colleagues (2010, 2013) report that while memory encoding (recall vs. miss) is associated with a positive going brain potential between 550ms-1000ms, both JOLs (high and low) are associated with a later time-window between 1300ms-1900ms with a negative-going potential over frontal and central regions. The aim of the current study is to examine roles of perceptual fluency and animacy in immediate JOLs. Although the literature review done would indicate to expect differences on memory, we did not expect them because of familiarization part in order to familiar with stimuli and procedure prior to the experiment. Familiarization part helped distinguish the JOLs’ process from memory process. However this manipulation might remove any difference at a behavioral level. The ERP results provided new insights into the relationship between JOLs and additional variables. These insights follow from three comparisons between ERPs acquired during the study phase; ERPs elicited by studied items attracting Medium or High-JOLs, ERPs elicited by items attracting difficult or easy font type combining animate words, and ERPs elicited by items attracting difficult or easy font type combining inanimate words at study. The ERP data were analyzed for several time windows. To this end, a clear pattern of JOLs effects were observed over frontal and posterior areas from 900 ms to 1000ms approximately and from 1300 ms to 1490 ms after stimuli onset between conditions.

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