Legal and Ethical Aspects of Vaccination

Vaccination in the modern world is one of the most controversial issues both from the point of view of medicine and from the point of view of jurisprudence. Different philosophical schools clash on the issue of immunization, different states have different views on this problem, but they all boil down to one thesis: vaccination today is an effective weapon against serious diseases and is provided by states, as well as certain aspects of vaccine prevention are covered in sufficient detail in the legislation of various countries. The first chapter of the work is devoted to a historical analysis of the occurrence of vaccination and the anti-vaccination movement, which today, like hundreds of years ago, is a rather serious problem for the formation of herd immunity. In addition, the first chapter analyzes modern russian legislation regarding immunization. The second chapter is devoted to the detailed discussion of the problems that exist today in immunization. So, problems of vaccination refusal , compulsory vaccination and clinical trials of vaccines stand out separately, namely, the correlation of legal regulation and existing moral principles. This chapter reveals that existing problems can be solved by improving modern legislation and bringing it into accordance with modern moral and ethical principles. Methods for solving these problems are proposed. The third chapter of the work is devoted to the comparative analysis of the vaccination system in Russia and abroad, as well as highlighting the main challenges of vaccination that exist today: the COVID-19 pandemic and the problems of creating a vaccine against HIV infection. In the conclusion of this work, those problems and methods for solving them are listed that became the logical result of this work. In this work, Russian, international and foreign legal acts, domestic and foreign judicial practice, and articles and monographies in Russian and English languages were used. In addition, in this work textbooks on bioethics used in studies at medical universities were analysed.