The Role of International Organizations in Provision Security Global Problem Solving

Food security ensuring problem is one of the most urgent and important in the modern world community, because the nutritional needs are paramount. The stability of food supply is the most important component of global development, since insufficient food supply and an unbalanced diet negatively affect health, life expectancy, physical and intellectual development, and adaptability. The Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations estimates that more than 850 million people worldwide, or 13% of the total population, suffer from chronic malnutrition. The highest rate of malnutrition is observed in developing countries, it exceeds 15% of the population, and more than 2 billion people consume insufficient amounts of vitamins and minerals. Population growth, natural disasters, and political conflicts contribute to the exacerbation of food crises, a sharp increase in food prices, and a decrease in the real income of the population. In the context of a coronavirus pandemic, risks and threats to food security are increasing, and the problem of hunger is becoming more acute. Since many food-importing countries will face food shortages due to the revision of their food policies by exporting countries and the abandonment of food exports in order to achieve national food security. The coronavirus pandemic is a global humanitarian disaster that will starve millions of people around the world, especially in conflict zones. According to the UN, in the worst case scenario, the problem of hunger will worsen in 30 countries, affecting 265 million people. At the global level, addressing the problems of global food security is one of the main tasks of international institutions. The research hypothesis is based on the assumption that the effectiveness of international economic policy is primarily determined by the level of global food security. International institutions are effective mechanisms that can accumulate managerial, organizational and investment resources to reduce risks in this area. The purpose of the research is to identify the role of international institutions in regulating food security issues, structure and identify priority institutional mechanisms for reducing global food security risks, based on historical, genetic and economic-theoretical analysis of the problem of global food security. The object of research is global food security. The subject of the research is the economic and agricultural policy of international institutions to reduce food security risks. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the fundamental provisions of the concept of food security. Various methodological approaches, methods of logical, economic, statistical, comparative, structural and functional analysis, and analysis of macro-and meso - economic dynamics were used in the development of the problem of food security. The information and empirical base of the research is represented by official publications and data of the UN FAO, UN WFP, IFAD, world Bank, IBRD, EU, FAOSTAT, OECD, Federal state statistics service of the Russian Federation, materials of monographic research of foreign and domestic scientists, international and Federal target programs.