English and Russian Text Information Structure in Translation

During the last fifty years text information structure has been studied as a linguistic notion and was transferred to translation theory in 1970s. In translation theory, the concept of text information structure and syntactic structure are described quite comprehensively, but there are very few practical rules for the correct transfer of text information structure in translation. Moreover, misunderstanding of text information structure may lead to serious consequences. This research study deals with the peculiarities of the text information structure in English and Russian languages and the ways of semantic transfer from one language to another. The research object is the semantic relations and text information structure of the scientific text in Russian and English. The subject of this study is the ways of transferring the semantic structure in the English-Russian translation. The main aim is to define the role of the information focus and its influence on the correct transfer of the semantic structure. The significance of this research study lies in an attempt to address the uncovered aspects of this topic in translation. This research confirms that the process of translation includes not only word-by-word translation, but also the transfer of meaning into another language throughout the language structure. Furthermore, the results of the research may develop a conventional translation theory and help young translators to solve translation problems correlated with semantic transfer. This research paper consists of an introduction, three main chapters, a conclusion, a bibliography and an appendix. The first two chapters are theoretical. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the semantic structure of the text in English and Russian and to translation models. The third practical chapter presents the results of the scientific text analysis, examples from the original text and their translation. The total number of pages is 52, including 41 sources in Russian and English and an appendix. Keywords: translation, text information structure, syntactic structure, monorheme, dirheme, theme and rheme