А сomparative legal analysis of the Estoppel and Waiver in the context of contesting the validity of transactions: russian and foreign practice

This master's paper discusses such institutions as estoppel and waiver, as well as the application of these institutions in relation to contesting contracts under Russian law. The first chapter of the dissertation is devoted to the Estoppel Institute, its tasks and features, as well as the determination of the rules of law in which Estoppel indicates. The second chapter shows the foreign doctrine of estoppel, its main types, as well as the practice of using estoppel in contesting transactions. The third chapter contains a description of the waiver, its characteristics and tasks, as well as an analysis of the rules of Russian law containing a waiver. The fourth chapter is devoted to the analysis of domestic judicial practice and the types of waivers in foreign jurisdictions. Keywords: waiver of law, conflicting behavior, estoppel, contesting transactions, negative obligation, estoppel principle, deprivation of the right to object