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Recognition of G-quadruplexes by Methods of Deep Learning in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genome

Student: Balaban-irmenina Irina

Supervisor: Maria Poptsova

Faculty: Faculty of Computer Science

Educational Programme: Applied Mathematics and Information Science (Bachelor)

Final Grade: 9

Year of Graduation: 2020

G-quadruplexes are secondary structures of nucleic acids. These structures are found in the genomes of various species. Studies show that G-quadruplexes play an important role in the regulation of key cellular processes: transcription, translation, and replication. This work is devoted to the application of deep learning methods for the recognition of G-quadruplexes in the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Machine learning methods and deep learning methods for recognizing G-quadruplexes such as CNN and RNN were previously considered, and they showed that they are convenient and productive tools for the detection of secondary structures of DNA and RNA. In this work, the task was to test architecture, designed to solve NLP problems, because nucleotide sequences can be used in the form of sentences of a natural language. Models of the “transformers” type were chosen, which are currently prevailing in solving NLP problems. I managed to train four types of models: “FlauBERT”, “CamemBERT”, “RoBERTa” and “XLNet”, of which “CamemBERT” showed the best performance. The work showed the possibility of using deep learning models based on “transformer” architectures for G-quadruplex recognition problems. For this task "transformers" showed results comparable to CNN and RNN.

Full text (added May 20, 2020)

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