Assessment of the NGOs Impact on the Tourism Development Projects in Traditional Local Communities (Case Study of National Park Komodo, Indonesia)

Following my previous study was about transformation livelihood Local community on tourism development in Komodo National Park, nevertheless there are many problems that have not been solved yet, such as conflict between local community and local authority on conservation policy in regards accessibility to natural resources, optimization of the marketing tools, management strategy of local authority and lack of human resources. Therefore, I have continued research and focus in my study on the role NGOs to local community on tourism development but this study highlight about Role NGOs as facilitator between local community and local authority on conflict management natural resource in Komodo National Park, how NGOs do effort to help local community as practical problem and solution offered in this conflict. This study examine three key concepts: The role NGOs as facilitator between local community and local authority on environmental policy, The key actor on process decision making in Komodo National Park, and barriers faced by NGOs to resolve the conflict. Analyses a conflict management process involving communities and NGO, facilitated discussion about accessibility local resource use rights in protected area that have been incorporated into national parks. The conflict management process included initiatives to address conservation priorities as a means of defusing conflict between the communities and local authority of protected area. Environmental NGOs can play a crucial role in helping to plug gaps by conducting research to facilitate policy development, building institutional capacity, and facilitating independent dialogue with civil society to help people live more sustainable lifestyles. Although the communities living near the KNP are key stakeholders, they are unequal power relations and human resources of the other parties engaged in negotiations. The frustration of local communities is heightened by somewhat unclear provisions within the Wildlife Statute and overlapping Local Government’s power and interest who involved to national park, leading to uncertainty over who should deal with the problem. To achieve the purpose of this study, is used a qualitative approach with case study and discourse analysis as method analyze. The empirical primary data was collected through semi structured interviews from the NGO, local residents, and local authority and secondary data which related with this topic. Thus, those techniques have been used to answer the research question and implemented them to result empirical study. Our findings suggest that facilitator has played an important role in facilitating the process of conflict transformation and influencing the process decision making on policy, learn from barriers that have been identified in order to can approached effective practical solution in the forum for resolving the conflict. It has facilitated the creation of a conducive environment for multi-stakeholder dialog, built trust among the conflict parties, as well as assisted problem solving processes, resulting in mutually agreed solutions, improved relationships, networking and communication strategies to the governments and the authorities National Park who have strong power, and commitment to long-term cooperation. However, the study found that strength level of networking is not enough dealing with the underlying causes of conflict, specifically the structural inequalities with the authorities and mostly NGOs gave indirect effect on influencing specially for environmental NGO who work with KNPA. Not all NGOs have MoU (memorandum of understanding), so their voice are not strong enough to be considered in the media forum. The author hopefully that this study can be contribute to solution and strategies approaches which can be implemented on resolving conflict management natural resources either in developed countries or developing countries with addressed to NGOs as facilitator between local community and local authority in National Park. Keyword: NGOs, National Park Komodo, Conflict management