Demographic Situation in the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia in 1990-2010s: Regional and Municipal Level

The object of the study is the regions and municipal-territorial units (MTE) of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. The subject of the study is the dynamics of demographic indicators in the Non-Chernozem zone during the post-Soviet period. The purpose of the work is to identify demographic factors that affect the dynamics and structure of the population of regions and municipal-territorial units of the Non-Chernozem zone during the post-Soviet period. The transformation processes of the XX century largely transformed the old-developed part of the country — the Non-Chernozem zone. Urban and rural space continues its transformation process. The problems of the Non-Black Earth region traditionally attract the attention of demographers, geographers, historians, sociologists and specialists in related sciences. In the post-Soviet period, the non-Chernozem zone has been steadily losing its population, and there is an aging population everywhere and its concentration in the largest points of growth against the background of the compression of the developed socio-economic space. The working hypotheses were confirmed as a result of the analysis. The catastrophes of the first half of the XX century significantly affected the age and gender structure of the population. The non-Chernozem zone was probably the most severely affected by the Great Patriotic War among the rest of Russia, as the evacuation from the occupied regions simultaneously increased the mechanical decline of the population, and the mobilization of the male population significantly transformed the ratio of the male and female population even more than in the whole country. In this regard, against the background of the average Russian level, the Non-Black Earth region is a macroregion with an older age structure of the population. Between the regions of the Non-Black Earth region, there were slight differences in the dynamics of indicators of total, natural, and migration growth, the total birth rate, the average age of the mother and the demographic load factor, and the ratio of the male and female population. No region stands out significantly in the list of the above indicators, and when analyzing each indicator, different leaders and outsiders were observed, which is due to the slight difference between the two polar groups. Life expectancy (and the co-dependent median age of the population) - probably differentiate the Non-Chernozem regions to the greatest extent, since the differences between the minimum and maximum were most pronounced. Regions differ in the degree of extinction intensity, and this is indirectly influenced by the level of socio-economic development of the territory. At the regional level, 5 factors influencing the dynamics of demographic processes were identified: - structural factor - conjunctural (socio-economic) - transformation of reproductive attitudes. - demographic policy-a factor - administrative At the intraregional level, the following factors were identified: - socio-economic situation of the region - the number of people in municipal-territorial areas - administrative factor of the units — the presence of specialized objects on the territory of the municipal-territorial unit