-%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5.jpg "Female Employees with Children Pay 'Motherhood Penalty'")
Female Employees with Children Pay 'Motherhood Penalty'
Female employees with children tend to earn less than their childless colleagues, but the difference is usually small, at 4% on average.
Russian won’t allow themselves to become unemployed
The Russian labour market is very mobile. People change jobs often, exiting the labour market only to enter it again. Those who are temporarily out of work do not manage to become officially unemployed since such a move would make no economic sense. Around a third of all unemployed Russians are outside of the governmental and statistical realm, according to the Director of HSE’s Centre for Labour Market Studies, Vladimir Gimpelson, and a Junior Research Fellow in the Centre, Anna Sharunina
Professional Education Promotes Labour Productivity
Most Russian company owners invest in the continuing education of their employees, but not all of them. The lucky ones are 10-20% of all staff. Such spending looks risky even though the return on it is high. Continuing education increases salary by 8% on average, which is an indirect sign of the same improvement in the labour productivity of the educated staff, Pavel Travkin, Junior Research Fellow at the HSE Laboratory for Labour Market Studies, found
60% of Russians Have Lived in Poverty
Poverty in Russia is not limited to marginalized, unemployed people with little or no income; poverty is widespread when defined as deprivation due to illness, homelessness, and other similar factors. Single pensioners and families with many children living in rural areas are particularly at risk of poverty, notes Ekaterina Slobodenyuk, lecturer at the Subdepartment of Socio-Economic Systems and Social Policy of the HSE's Department of Applied Economics, in her paper 'Social Dynamics in the Group of the Russian Poor'
Marriage Stimulates Higher Earnings
Married men and women, on average, earn more than single individuals. But while for men getting divorced means a drop in earnings, the opposite is true for women – they achieve higher earnings after divorce and remarriage, according to a study by Lilia Rodionova, presented at the Tenth International Conference on Applying Multivariate Statistical Analysis to Economics and Quality Assessment hosted by the HSE
Parents financially support their adult children and grandchildren
Grown-up children usually help their parents with housework and care for them when they are sick, while the parents provide financial support and help raise their grandchildren, Anna Mironova, Junior Research Fellow with HSE’s Center for Studies of Income and Living Standards, said in the report ‘Private Intergenerational Transfers in Terms of Demographic Aging in Russia’
Poor health keeps pensioners from working
A satisfactory health condition and a low pension could theoretically be what make pensioners continue working in the first years after beginning their well-deserved relaxation. The main medical factors that keep older individuals from working are disability, the aftermath of strokes and frequent hospital treatment, Ekaterina Maltseva, a Research Assistant at HSE’s Laboratory of Economic Research of the Public Sector, said in the study, «The Impact of Health on the Labour Supply of Pensioners»
Delayed Salaries Provoke Absenteeism
Opportunistic behaviour among Russian employees is often provoked by employers themselves. Delays in payment of salaries result in absences and a decrease in productivity. Andrey Kaplan studied these issues in his paper ‘Influence of Employee’s Individual Characteristics and Company’s Specifics on the Level of Absenteeism’