Competition in the Global Energy Market Between Oil, Coal, Gas, Wind and Sun and a Useful Experience for Russia

The objectives of the study will be to identify key trends and patterns in the global transition of energy systems to renewable energy sources. This will include analyzing the experience of countries that have successfully adapted their energy strategies to new conditions, along with proposals and recommendations for Russia aimed at optimizing energy policy. During the study, the strengths and weaknesses of renewable and fossil energy sources will be demonstrated, alongside highlighting the main subsidies and tax incentives for the extraction and use of these energy sources. Regression models will be constructed for the countries of the United States, Canada, Germany, China, and Japan. These models will examine the relationship between CO₂ emissions from electricity generation and the following variables: electricity production from renewable energy, electricity production from fossil fuels, population size, investments in renewable energy, and provide an assessment of competition in the energy market between renewable and fossil energy sources. Additionally, a scenario-based calculation will be presented to estimate lives saved due to reduced carbon dioxide emissions and the implementation of renewable energy in the studied countries. To evaluate competition in the global energy market between oil, coal, gas, wind, and solar energy, 36 regression models will be developed. The dependent variable in these models will be CO₂ emissions, while the independent variables will include electricity production from solar, wind, coal, gas, oil, investments in renewable energy, and the population of the studied countries. The analysis will be based on 33 observations spanning the period from 1992 to 2024. Finally, conclusions will be drawn regarding countries with advanced economies, and valuable insights will be identified for Russia's energy policy development.