Problems and ways of improving the state demographic policy in the birth rate sphere (by the example of the Nizhny Novgorod region)

<p style="text-align: justify;">The fact is that the birth rate dynamics provides only by an increase in population without providing simple reproduction of the population. In the most developed countries, in particular in Russia and in its regions, is very important to research the demographic situation and the demographic policy in the birth rate sphere.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The purpose of the research is to justify the suggestions for the improvement of the demographic policy measures in the birth rate sphere, which are realized at the regional level by the example of the Nizhny Novgorod region thanks for the analysis of the regional demographic situation and demographic policy in the birth rate sphere.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The achievement of the purpose demands the solution of the following research problems:</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&bull; to systematize the tendencies and priorities of the state demographic policy in the birth rate sphere in Russia;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&bull; to develop the research tools of the demographic situation and demographic policy in the birth rate sphere at the regional level;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&bull; to investigate the demographic situation and to analyze the demographic policy arrangements in the Nizhny Novgorod region;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&bull; to develop and prove recommendations about the improvement of demographic policy in the birth rate sphere in the Nizhny Novgorod region.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The basis for the present study is provided by a large body of literature on the demographic situation and the demographic policy, for example, scientist S.P. Kapitsa, demographer A.G. Wiśniewski, A.I. Antonov and V.M. Medkov, professor V.V. Yelizarov and many others.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The goal of the research is going to be achieved thanks to the following. The first are the analysis and the synthesis, which helps to clarify the tendencies in the birth sphere and to determine the aim, the objectives and methods of the state and regional demographic policy in the birth rate sphere. The second are the semi-structured personal interview and questionnaires distributed online among reference groups.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The questionnaires and the interview allowed to reveal the disagreements between views of the women and the Social policy Ministry of the Nizhny Novgorod region. So, the author was established that the Ministry is focused on, mainly, on the material stimulating methods while many women emphasize the necessity of non-material stimulation.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Also, the author developed and proved the recommendations about the improvement of the demographic policy measures in the birth rate sphere in the Nizhny Novgorod region.&nbsp; Thus the Social policy Ministry of the Nizhny Novgorod region should pay the attention on the non-material motivation:</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&bull; to realize in the Nizhny Novgorod region the practice of the Sharangsky area: first of all, to find out the mothers&#39; fears and then to develop the list of actions corresponding to requirements;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&bull; to continue the practice of families rewarding by honorable awards;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&bull; to expand the ways of family values promotion;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&bull; to inform the women and men about the privileges which are provided in the Nizhny Novgorod region to families with children (for example, by means of booklets);</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&bull; to carry out at schools the lectures on which will tell about the ways of contraception and consequences of abortions;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&bull; to continue the development of infrastructure;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&bull; to continue to render active assistance of labor employment for the citizens having children under 3 years.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; But the Social policy Ministry of the Nizhny Novgorod region shouldn&#39;t forget about the material methods of the births stimulation:</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&bull; to increase the amount of monthly payments;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&bull; to improve the mechanisms of apartments allocation on favorable terms to young families with children.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In conclusion, it can be said that the Social policy Ministry of the Nizhny Novgorod region has already realized a large number of the demographic policy measures in the birth rate sphere, but they should be improved and brought a little into accord with the women&#39;s needs. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</p>