Topological Qubits for Quantum Information Technologies

In this diploma, the main goal is to study the possibility of obtaining qubits by studying the physical properties of topological insulators, as well as an overview of their possible practical applications. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive analysis of available literature on this problem was carried out, analytical equations describing the spectrum of the surface states of a topological insulator were found and graphs of the dispersion of electrons on the Fermi surface of a topological insulator were considered. Analysis of warping effect is carried out in this work. This effect can be seen as a distortion of Dirac cone that can be found on surface states of topological insulator based on the Bi2Te3 compound and it is rarely examined properly. The ways of obtaining Majorana fermion in hybrid superconductor / topological insulator structures are analyzed, with the help of which it is possible to encode the qubit with enhanced reliability. It alone can have far-reaching prospects for the development of quantum information technologies.