Architecture in the USSR: Ideology and Reality (on the Example of Prikamye)

The aim of the study is to examine the interconnection of Soviet architecture, architectural policy and ideology, their transformation and realities. The object of the study is Soviet architectural policy. Thus, the subject of research is the evolution of architectural policy in the context of Soviet ideology. It seems extremely important to state immediately that, having designated in the title of the topic two broad notions of "architecture" and "ideology", we in the traditions of the political history of architecture, which is only at the stage of formation, but in fact recognized the ideological nature of Soviet architecture as axiom, which can be considered in this context ― design mechanisms, official and unofficial practices of urban development, professional hierarchies and elite changes, housing policy, etc. The theoretical basis of the research is presented through the concept of a culturologist, historian of architecture V.Z. Papernyi described in his work "Culture Two": the author depicts Soviet reality through the history of architecture with the help of two idealized models ― Culture 1 (1920s) and Culture 2 (1930s) ― and hypothesizes the cyclical nature of historical time. In addition, in the second chapter of the work, the myth of the builders of the Soviet era, which, above all, is of particular importance for understanding the formation of professional hierarchies with the unstable position of the figures in them, is described through the semiological concept of the myth of the French structural philosopher R. Barth ("Myth Today") architect and builder in different Soviet periods.