Documentary Evidence in Russian Civil Procedure

The legal nature of documentary evidence was a subject of procedure studies throughout all the stages of the development of Russian civil procedure research, and now it is still not without interest. Documentary evidence is the most widely spread instrument of evidence in the civil adjudicatory procedures. Moreover, the growing amount of summary and writ proceedings shows the necessity of studying this instrument of evidence and offering ways of more precise understanding of documentary evidence. The development of the internet and various types of gadgets has led to the introduction of evidence becoming digital. Moreover, digital evidence is documentary evidence in most cases. In the last few years, some amendments in codes of judicial practice were made; however, in practice, legal gaps can be recognized, which shows the necessity of providing further research.