Waste Management in Megacities: Agenda Setting and Stakeholders, A Comparative Analysis of Moscow and Tokyo Cases

The development of a new waste management system is very difficult, it should include the infrastructure, managerial, financial and socio-cultural components. Moscow's environmental policy is based on a top-down approach, where there are practically no channels and institutions of communication between the government and the population. Environmental awareness can only be local and even temporary, when problems arise directly on the spot and affect the health of citizens. The purpose of this study is to identify an effective waste management policy model through comparative analysis and evaluation of Moscow and Tokyo's urban environmental policy in the waste management system. Based on the results of stakeholder analysis and network analysis, the author formulates criteria for the effectiveness of waste management policies in megacities based on the broad participation of formal and informal actors in the decision-making process.