The Role of Cultural Heritage in the Formation of Cultural Policy in Russia, the USA and the UK

Today to the policy formation in the field of cultural heritage is given lot of attention. The leading country in the world, such as USA, Russia and the United Kingdom, during the formation of the image of the state are beginning to focus on the policy of preservation and development of cultural heritage. This study analyzes the impact of cultural heritage on the formation of cultural policy in the USA, Russia and the UK. The method of this paper is a comparative analysis of policy in the field of cultural heritage on the example of the designated states. As the main theoretical framework we use D.Shuster’s work "Art of choice in cultural policy", in which he proposes a typology of states in the sphere of culture: mastermind-state, state-chuck, state-architect and the state-engineer. This typology allows us to determine the role of the State in shaping the cultural policy in the field of cultural heritage. The study revealed that cultural heritage has an impact on the formation of cultural policy, while states in the implementation of this policy, use a variety of tools. Legislation and funding system are the main ways the implementation of the cultural policy, and each state selects methods and forms the basis of the general policy of the country.