Accounting and Analysis of Sales at the Enterprise

The purpose of this work is to study the accounting of finished products, operations for their sale, identification of financial results from sales of finished products, as well as the analysis of sales of finished products. The following tasks were set to achieve the goal: - to consider the essence and basic concepts of accounting and sales analysis; - to consider the normative base for accounting of finished product sales, to make a comparison of Russian and international standards of sales revenue recognition; - to make a theoretical base and to carry out the analysis of literature on the account and analysis of sales at the enterprise; - to study the variant of finished product sales accounting, applied in "EcoFish" LLC; - to analyze the procedure of documentation of operations on accounting of finished product sales at the enterprise; - to analyze synthetic and analytical accounting at the enterprise; - to draw up and conduct a test to assess the reliability of the enterprise's internal control system in the sphere of output and sale of finished products; - to develop recommendations on improvement of accounting of finished product sale at the enterprise; - to analyze dynamics of structure of sales and performance of the forecast on volume of sale of finished goods; - to estimate profitability of assortment of sold production; - to carry out the factor analysis of financial results from sale of production. - To lead ranking of a priority of release and sale of groups of finished goods by a method of the analysis of hierarchies; In the course of the research such research methods as secondary data collection (balance sheet, profit and loss statement, account cards) were used. Induction and deduction methods were used in accounting for sales of products. Interviews were conducted internally to assess the internal control system. As far as the analysis of sales is concerned, the enterprise used the method of hierarchy analysis, the methodology of marginal concept and the method of factor analysis. The main results: General characteristics of "EcoFish" LLC activities were given, the structure of the enterprise, its assortment were considered, and the main buyers and suppliers were listed. The information about accounting activity was studied and the accounting policy of "EcoFish" LLC in the field of sales was analyzed. The structure of accounts of synthetic and analytical accounting, reflection of operations on accounting of finished products sale on accounts, in registers of accounting and reporting was studied, that allowed to reveal and formulate the drawbacks of the existing variant of accounting of products sale at this enterprise and to offer recommendations for improvement. An analysis was made of the dynamics of the sales structure and implementation of the finished product sales volume forecast. In order to carry out a qualitative analysis of the profitability of products, ABC- and XYZ-analysis was carried out, as well as a profitability analysis using a number of coefficients to quantify the profitability of the range. Factor analysis of financial results from the sale of products was carried out. For this purpose, a factor model was formed, after which the influence of each of the factors on changes in profit from sales was analyzed. This made it possible to identify those factors that have a negative impact on changes in profit and those factors that are reserves for growth in profit from sales. The methodology of marginal concept was applied in order to rank the finished products by the value of marginal profitability indicator. The results obtained were used to identify priorities among product groups by analyzing hierarchies. The types of products, key for production and sales in terms of the main criteria for the enterprise: labor intensity, marginal profitability, equipment costs and potential sales volumes.