International and Internal Migration Processes of India in the Post-Colonial Period

The main objective of this paper is to trace the evolution of Migration Processes of India in the Post-Colonial Period. Achieving the goal of the study was determined by solving the following tasks: 1) Systematization of the theoretical and methodological foundations of demographic studies of migration of the Indian population from the standpoint of the theory of demographic transition. 2) Determination of the factors that influence the decision of Indian migrants to change their place of residence. 3) Analysis of changes in the main directions of migration and quantitative characteristics of both internal and external Indian migrants with the use of statistical data and sources of law The main result of research is fact that Indian migration grows up by economical and ecological problems in some states which is caused by long-term population explosion. States with the highest out-migrant rate are Uttar-Pradesh and Bihar in Northern India and Kerala in Southern India. States with highest in-migrant rates are Maharashtra and Gujarat in Central India, and Punjab and Haryana in Northwest India also. Another important finding is that Processes of internal migration in India changed a little after gaining independence from Great Britain. Throughout the entire period of the research the main reason of female internal migration is marriage and for male is a searching of employment. From the 1950s’ there was the evolution of migratory flows. The choice of region of residence is determined by socio-demographic characteristics of migrants. The main region for Indian labour migrants is the Gulf countries (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Oman). The volume of migration to this microregion increased a lot after 1973 oil crisis and starting of “africanization” policy in Uganda, Kenya, and some others country of Africa at the same time. The main regions of destination for high-quality and student Indian migrants is North America and Western Europe. The structure of Indian immigrants is almost entirely made up by citizens of former british dominion countries: Pakistan, Myanmar, Sri-Lanka, Nepal and Bangladesh. The share of the Indian diaspora in these countries of the total number of Indians abroad decreased from 92% in 1960 to 13% in 2013.