Understanding Agricultural Policy Change towards Adoption of the Water-Energy-Food Nexus Concept in MENA Countries: A Comparative Study

In a region troubled with arid climate, global warming impacts, water scarcity, and continuous conflicts. Water, Energy, and Food nexus represents one of the future approaches for achieving sustainability in the MENA region. Understanding the drivers towards change in the agricultural policies of the major countries in this region will have an impact on spearheading change for the whole region. This comparative study is an attempt to present a detailed understanding of the dynamics and drivers of such change, as well as policy windows and events that had influenced strategies of countries in the region. Although it would seem that high-income countries are set for achieving sustainability and better positioned in adoption of WEF nexus, yet low-middle-income countries have as much opportunities for advancing ahead, and Morocco could set an example in this regard. MENA region have yet to formulate synergies between Water, Food, and Energy Sectors to better approach the WEF nexus approach, as they are lagging behind in integrating the energy sector.