Транспортная инфраструктура, динамика занятости и рынки недвижимости: сравнительный анализ городского развитияTransportation Infrastructure, Employment Dynamics and Housing Markets: A Comparative Analysis of Urban Development

The dissertation examines three main aspects of urban development: the role of rail transport in subcentre formation and local employment growth; the ripple effect in housing price dynamics; and the mediating role of transport infrastructure in generating positive spatial externalities for labour productivity driven by the concentration of economic activity. Using data for the Paris agglomeration, it is shown that proximity to a railway station increases employment; the effect is stronger for RER stations and for communes located farther from the CBD. The presence of a station increases the probability that a municipality becomes a subcentre from 19.3% to 41.3%, and to 76.1% for RER stations; the effect does not extend beyond the commune boundaries. Using UK data, the ripple effect is confirmed: a price shock from London propagates to neighbouring regions with a lag; the South East responds more strongly, while northern England, Scotland and Northern Ireland respond more weakly. For the Saint Petersburg agglomeration, it is found that after applying instrumental variables, the direct agglomeration effect on labour productivity disappears, while transport accessibility remains significant. When public transport is taken into account, the positive effect of private transport weakens and becomes insignificant. A halving of average public transport travel time is associated with a 6.4% increase in labour productivity. The findings can be used to substantiate investment programmes in transport infrastructure and spatial development strategies.